BT-205 Basic Computer Engineering

Unit 2: Algorithms, Flowcharts & C++ Basics

Complete RGPV exam-oriented page covering algorithms, flowcharts, complexity, programming languages, programming paradigms, OOP concepts, POP vs OOP, C++ structure, character set, tokens, operators, expressions, control structures, input-output operations, arrays and functions.

Read Notes Important Questions PYQ Analysis

Unit 2 Syllabus

Basic Computer Engineering Unit 2 important topics

Algorithms & Flowcharts

  • Introduction to algorithms
  • Characteristics of algorithm
  • Complexities
  • Flowchart symbols
  • Program design

Programming Basics

  • Introduction to programming
  • Categories of programming languages
  • Low level and high level languages
  • Programming paradigms
  • Procedural and OOP approach

OOP & C++

  • OOP concepts
  • POP vs OOP
  • Introduction to C++
  • Character set and tokens
  • Program structure

C++ Programming

  • Data types and variables
  • Operators and expressions
  • Control structures
  • Input and output operations
  • Arrays and functions

Short Exam Notes

Easy revision notes for RGPV exam

Algorithm

Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem. A good algorithm has finite steps, well-defined instructions, input, output and efficiency.

Flowchart

Flowchart is graphical representation of an algorithm. Common symbols are oval for start/stop, rectangle for process, diamond for decision and parallelogram for input/output.

Complexity

Complexity measures efficiency of an algorithm. Time complexity measures execution time and space complexity measures memory usage.

Programming

Programming is the process of writing instructions for computer. Steps include problem analysis, algorithm design, coding, testing and debugging.

Programming Languages

Programming languages are classified into low level and high level languages. Machine and assembly languages are low level, while C, C++, Java and Python are high level.

Programming Paradigms

Programming paradigms are styles of programming. Common paradigms are procedural programming, object oriented programming and functional programming.

OOP Concepts

OOP is based on objects and classes. Main concepts are class, object, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and abstraction.

POP vs OOP

POP focuses on functions and has less security. OOP focuses on objects, provides better security, code reusability and easy maintenance.

C++

C++ is an object oriented programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup. It supports fast execution, portability and object oriented programming.

Tokens

Tokens are the smallest units in a C++ program. Types of tokens are keywords, identifiers, constants, operators and strings.

Operators

Operators perform operations on operands. Main types are arithmetic, relational, logical and assignment operators.

Arrays & Functions

Array stores collection of similar data items. Function is a block of code that performs a specific task and improves code reusability.

C++ Basic Program Structure

Very important for exams

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    cout << "Hello";
    return 0;
}

Quick Revision Points

Must remember points for exam

Algorithm: Step-by-step procedure to solve a problem
Flowchart: Graphical representation of algorithm
OOP: Programming approach based on objects and classes
Tokens: Smallest units of C++ program
cin: Used for input in C++
cout: Used for output in C++

Most Important Questions

High chance RGPV exam questions

14 Marks Questions

  • Explain algorithm and flowchart with suitable examples.
  • Explain complexities of algorithms and their importance.
  • Explain categories of programming languages with examples.
  • Explain programming paradigms and characteristics of OOP.
  • Differentiate Procedure Oriented Programming and Object Oriented Programming.
  • Explain concepts of OOP such as encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism.
  • Explain structure of C++ program with example.
  • Explain tokens in C++ with examples.
  • Explain precedence and associativity of operators in C++.
  • Explain data types, variables and operators in C++.
  • Explain statements and control structures in C++.
  • Explain loops in C++ with syntax and examples.
  • Explain arrays in C++ with suitable examples.
  • Explain functions in C++ with examples.
  • Explain input and output operations in C++ using cin and cout.

7 Marks Questions

  • Define algorithm and write characteristics of algorithm.
  • Explain flowchart symbols and advantages.
  • Explain low level and high level programming languages.
  • Explain OOP concepts briefly.
  • Differentiate POP and OOP.
  • Explain character set in C++.
  • Explain tokens in C++.
  • Explain data types and variables.
  • Explain arithmetic, relational and logical operators.
  • Explain if-else and switch statements.
  • Explain loops in C++.
  • Explain arrays with examples.
  • Explain functions and their advantages.
  • Explain precedence and associativity.

Important Differences

  • POP vs OOP
  • Low level language vs high level language
  • Compiler vs interpreter
  • while loop vs do-while loop
  • Function vs procedure

PYQ Analysis Table

Repeated questions from uploaded RGPV PYQ papers

Topic Repeated Questions Frequency Priority
OOP Concepts OOP features, objects, classes, encapsulation and polymorphism Very High ★★★★★
POP vs OOP Difference with examples and advantages of OOP Very High ★★★★★
Arrays & Functions Syntax, examples, advantages and small C++ programs Very High ★★★★★
Constructors & Destructors Constructor types, destructor and scope resolution operator Very High ★★★★★
Algorithms & Flowcharts Algorithm, flowchart, program design and limitations High ★★★★
Inheritance Inheritance and its types with examples High ★★★★
Function Overloading Function overloading and operator overloading examples High ★★★★
Operators & Tokens C++ tokens, operators, data types and variables High ★★★★
Classes & Objects Class and object examples in C++ High ★★★★

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FAQs

Common student doubts

Which topic is most important in Computer Unit 2?

OOP concepts, POP vs OOP, algorithms and flowcharts, operators, control structures, arrays and functions are most important.

Which C++ topics should I prepare first?

Program structure, tokens, data types, operators, if-else, switch, loops, arrays and functions should be prepared first.

Which differences are important?

POP vs OOP, low level vs high level language, compiler vs interpreter, while vs do-while and function vs procedure are important.

Related Units

Unit 1 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5