Complete RGPV exam-oriented notes page covering surveying objectives, levels, leveling, dumpy level, theodolite, plane table surveying, electronic surveying instruments, EDM methods, distance measurement, directions, elevations and reciprocal leveling.
Surveying & Positioning important topics
Easy points for fast revision
Surveying is the science and art of determining relative positions of points on the surface of earth. It is used for maps, land measurement, construction planning and route alignment.
Surveying instruments are used to measure distances, angles and elevations. Main instruments are levels, theodolites, plane tables and EDM instruments.
A level is an instrument used to determine difference in elevation between points. Common types are dumpy level, tilting level and auto level.
Theodolite is a precision instrument used for measurement of horizontal and vertical angles. Its main parts are telescope, vertical circle, horizontal circle and spirit level.
Plane table surveying is a graphical method of surveying in which field observation and plotting are done simultaneously. It is fast but less accurate.
Electronic surveying instruments improve speed and accuracy. Examples are total station, GPS instruments and electronic theodolite.
EDM means Electronic Distance Measurement. It measures distance electronically using electromagnetic waves. It gives high precision, long distance measurement and quick results.
Directions are measured using bearings and angles. Common methods are compass surveying and theodolite surveying. Bearings may be true bearing or magnetic bearing.
Elevation measurement determines height difference between points. Main methods are spirit leveling, trigonometric leveling and barometric leveling.
Reciprocal leveling is used when two points are separated by obstacles like rivers or valleys. It eliminates instrumental errors and gives accurate results.
Must remember points for exam
High chance RGPV exam questions
Repeated questions from RGPV previous year papers
| Topic | Repeated Questions | Frequency | Priority |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reciprocal Leveling | Neat sketch, procedure and applications | Very High | ★★★★★ |
| EDM & Electronic Instruments | EDM methods, total station, electronic instruments and advantages | Very High | ★★★★★ |
| Theodolite | Construction, working, parts and neat sketch | High | ★★★★ |
| Measurement of Elevations | Spirit leveling, trigonometric leveling and barometric leveling | High | ★★★★ |
| Leveling Numericals | RL calculations by Rise & Fall and Height of Instrument methods | High | ★★★★ |
| Plane Table Surveying | Accessories, advantages and disadvantages | Medium | ★★★ |
| Contours & Profile Leveling | Contour lines, characteristics and profile leveling | Medium | ★★★ |
| Distance Measurement | Chain surveying, tape surveying and conventional methods | Medium | ★★★ |
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Common student doubts
Reciprocal leveling, EDM and electronic surveying instruments, theodolite, measurement of elevations and leveling numericals are most important.
Rise and fall method, height of instrument method, reciprocal leveling and distance measurement numericals are important.
Dumpy level, theodolite, plane table accessories, reciprocal leveling, total station and EDM instrument diagrams are important.